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2021-07-22
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Startup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长效电池方面取得突破</blockquote>
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But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy Inc.的电池对于电动汽车来说太重了。但它表示，他们将能够解决可再生能源面临的最难以捉摸的问题之一：在没有阳光和风的情况下，廉价地将大量电力储存到电网。</blockquote></p><p> The work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.</p><p><blockquote>马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的工作。该公司长期以来一直笼罩在保密和保密协议中。该公司最近与《华尔街日报》分享了其进展，称希望让监管机构和公用事业公司意识到，如果一切继续按计划进行，到2025年，其铁空气电池将能够实现负担得起的长期电力存储。</blockquote></p><p> Its backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.</p><p><blockquote>其支持者包括气候投资基金Breakthrough Energy Ventures，其投资者包括微软公司联合创始人比尔·盖茨和亚马逊公司创始人杰夫·贝索斯。Form最近发起了一轮2亿美元的融资，由全球领先的铁矿石生产商之一炼钢巨头安塔洛米塔尔SA（MT4.27%）的战略投资领投。</blockquote></p><p> Form is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.</p><p><blockquote>Form首席执行官Mateo Jaramillo表示，Form正准备很快生产“完全淘汰煤炭和天然气等热资产所需的电池”发电厂。Mateo Jaramillo开发了特斯拉公司的Powerwall电池，并致力于开发一些最早的汽车动力系统。</blockquote></p><p> On a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.</p><p><blockquote>在最近参观Form的无窗实验室时，Jaramillo先生指着装满低成本铁颗粒的桶，认为这是其在治疗性进化电池领域的关键优势。它的原型电池绰号“大吉姆”，充满了18,000块鹅卵石大小的灰色铁，这是一种丰富、无毒且不易燃的矿物质。</blockquote></p><p> For alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.</p><p><blockquote>分析师表示，对于电动汽车和当今电网规模电池的主力锂离子电池来说，目前使用的镍、钴、锂和锰矿物的存储成本在每千瓦时50至80美元之间。</blockquote></p><p> Using iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.</p><p><blockquote>Form认为，使用铁，每千瓦时存储在每个电池材料上的成本将不到6美元。将这些电池组装成一个完整的电池系统将使价格提高到每千瓦时20美元以下，学者们表示，可再生能源加存储可以完全取代传统的化石燃料燃烧发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> A battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.</p><p><blockquote>由于它解决的问题和创造的潜在市场，能够连续几天廉价放电的电池一直是能源行业的圣杯。</blockquote></p><p> Regulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.</p><p><blockquote>随着世界各国寻求减少与气候变化相关的温室气体排放，监管机构和电力公司面临着越来越大的压力，要求他们提供负担得起、可靠和无碳的电力。大多数发电量提供三分之二。长效电池可以使可再生能源——风能和太阳能——能够提供这三种能源。</blockquote></p><p> The Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.</p><p><blockquote>拜登政府正在推动到2035年在美国实现无碳电网，几个州和电力公司也做出了类似的承诺。人们普遍认为，风能、太阳能、地热能和核能的组合与短期锂离子电池混合可以产生80%的电力。最后的20%将需要某种类型的多日存储。</blockquote></p><p> “That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”</p><p><blockquote>能源部副参谋长杰里迈亚·鲍曼(Jeremiah Baumann)表示：“我们了解前80%的技术途径，而且它已经具有成本竞争力。”“我们对最终产品的技术有很好的了解。真正的问题是哪种技术将降低成本并进入市场。”</blockquote></p><p> Form’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.</p><p><blockquote>随着一系列初创公司竞相开发更先进、更具成本效益的储能技术，Form的电池将在日益拥挤的空间中与众多其他方法竞争。</blockquote></p><p> Several companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.</p><p><blockquote>几家公司正在向市场推出不同的电池配置，例如固态设计。一些人认为抽水蓄能或压缩空气可以更广泛地用于储存能源。欧盟正在推动使用氢气来储存和发电。</blockquote></p><p> Others, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，其他人则专注于碳捕获技术，以使燃气和燃煤发电厂实现零排放，这将减少储存能源的需求。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy的铁空气电池吸入氧气，将铁转化为铁锈，然后将铁锈变回铁并呼出氧气，在此过程中对电池进行放电和充电。</blockquote></p><p> “There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>“新存储技术在寒武纪出现了爆炸式增长，从达尔文的意义上来说，它们并不都能生存下来。但对投资者和社会来说，回报都是巨大的，”清洁能源投资者拉梅兹·纳姆(Ramez Naam)表示，他不参与Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Previous high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.</p><p><blockquote>之前开发更好电池的高调努力已经从希望和炒作走向破产。但自2017年Form创建以来，由于其创始人的业绩记录，它吸引了业内的猜测和阴谋。其中包括Jaramillo先生和麻省理工学院教授Yet-Ming Chiang，后者共同创立了锂电池先驱A123 Systems Inc.。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.</p><p><blockquote>Jaramillo先生在转向开发新型电池之前，获得了耶鲁神学院的经济学学位和硕士学位。在特斯拉工作了七年多后，他于2016年离开，去追求他在LinkedIn页面上所谓的“下一件事”。他没有提供任何细节，但他想为电网制造一种廉价的电池。当蒋先生打电话给他时，他正要签署一家新公司的融资单。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>蒋先生作为本科生来到麻省理工学院，不到十年后就加入了学院。作为能源部合作的一部分，他于2012年开始研究长效电池。2017年，他还在研究长效电池，他和Jaramillo先生决定共同创造Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p> They recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”</p><p><blockquote>他们招募了其他电池行业的资深人士。“创始团队拥有100年的电池经验，”蒋先生说。“我们是一代失败电池公司的校友，他们都回来寻求更多。”</blockquote></p><p> In early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.</p><p><blockquote>2018年初，他们开始小规模测试，博士。材料科学家版本的中学科学展的土豆电池，使用包裹在半透明量杯底部五金店软管夹中的小金属片。形式测试了不同的配置：硫-铁、硫-空气、硫-锰和铁-空气。到年底，铁空气看起来最有前途。</blockquote></p><p> In 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.</p><p><blockquote>2020年，随着工作进展迅速，Form得到了休息。它需要一种关键的电池组件，称为阴极，它不透水，但可以呼吸氧气，就像Gore-Tex夹克一样。亚利桑那州的一家电池公司NantEnergy Inc.花了十年时间为锌空气电池制造了这样一种薄膜。老板帕特里克·顺雄(Patrick Soon-Shiong)是一位亿万富翁生物技术企业家，拥有《洛杉矶时报》，他去年关闭了业务，专注于其他投资。</blockquote></p><p> Form bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.</p><p><blockquote>Form购买了其专利以及数千个阴极的库存，这些阴极存放在公司大楼一角的纸箱中。哈拉米略先生说：“把这块钉牢后，我们就可以加速了。”</blockquote></p><p> Late last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.</p><p><blockquote>去年夏末，Form制造了一个一米高（约3.3英尺高）的电池，并将其命名为Slim Jim，因为它的尺寸相当于同名垃圾桶。今年早些时候，它制造了Big Jim，这是一个一米乘一米的全尺寸电池。如果它按预期工作，20个这样的电池将被组合成一个电池。数千个这样的电池将串在一起，填满整个仓库并储存数周的电力。这些电池系统充满电可能需要几天时间，但电池可以连续放电150小时。</blockquote></p><p> In 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.</p><p><blockquote>2023年，Form计划部署一种能够连续放电六天以上的一兆瓦电池，并表示正在与几家公用事业公司就电池部署进行谈判。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.</p><p><blockquote>该公司首席科学官蒋先生表示，面临的挑战是找出如何使用铁、空气和水基电解质制造电池。</blockquote></p><p> “Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.</p><p><blockquote>“厨师会告诉你，用普通食材做出一道美味的菜肴更加困难，”他说。</blockquote></p><p></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Startup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长效电池方面取得突破</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nStartup Claims Breakthrough in Long-Duration Batteries<blockquote>初创公司声称在长效电池方面取得突破</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">The Wall Street Journal</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2021-07-22 21:21</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p> <b>Form Energy’s iron-air batteries could have big ramifications for storing electricity on the power grid.</b> A four-year-old startup says it has built an inexpensive battery that can discharge power for days using one of the most common elements on Earth: iron.</p><p><blockquote><b>Form Energy的铁空气电池可能会对电网储存电力产生重大影响。</b>一家成立四年的初创公司表示，它已经制造出一种廉价电池，可以使用地球上最常见的元素之一：铁来放电数天。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy Inc.’s batteries are far too heavy for electric cars. But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy Inc.的电池对于电动汽车来说太重了。但它表示，他们将能够解决可再生能源面临的最难以捉摸的问题之一：在没有阳光和风的情况下，廉价地将大量电力储存到电网。</blockquote></p><p> The work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.</p><p><blockquote>马萨诸塞州萨默维尔的工作。该公司长期以来一直笼罩在保密和保密协议中。该公司最近与《华尔街日报》分享了其进展，称希望让监管机构和公用事业公司意识到，如果一切继续按计划进行，到2025年，其铁空气电池将能够实现负担得起的长期电力存储。</blockquote></p><p> Its backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.</p><p><blockquote>其支持者包括气候投资基金Breakthrough Energy Ventures，其投资者包括微软公司联合创始人比尔·盖茨和亚马逊公司创始人杰夫·贝索斯。Form最近发起了一轮2亿美元的融资，由全球领先的铁矿石生产商之一炼钢巨头安塔洛米塔尔SA（MT4.27%）的战略投资领投。</blockquote></p><p> Form is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.</p><p><blockquote>Form首席执行官Mateo Jaramillo表示，Form正准备很快生产“完全淘汰煤炭和天然气等热资产所需的电池”发电厂。Mateo Jaramillo开发了特斯拉公司的Powerwall电池，并致力于开发一些最早的汽车动力系统。</blockquote></p><p> On a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.</p><p><blockquote>在最近参观Form的无窗实验室时，Jaramillo先生指着装满低成本铁颗粒的桶，认为这是其在治疗性进化电池领域的关键优势。它的原型电池绰号“大吉姆”，充满了18,000块鹅卵石大小的灰色铁，这是一种丰富、无毒且不易燃的矿物质。</blockquote></p><p> For alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.</p><p><blockquote>分析师表示，对于电动汽车和当今电网规模电池的主力锂离子电池来说，目前使用的镍、钴、锂和锰矿物的存储成本在每千瓦时50至80美元之间。</blockquote></p><p> Using iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.</p><p><blockquote>Form认为，使用铁，每千瓦时存储在每个电池材料上的成本将不到6美元。将这些电池组装成一个完整的电池系统将使价格提高到每千瓦时20美元以下，学者们表示，可再生能源加存储可以完全取代传统的化石燃料燃烧发电厂。</blockquote></p><p> A battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.</p><p><blockquote>由于它解决的问题和创造的潜在市场，能够连续几天廉价放电的电池一直是能源行业的圣杯。</blockquote></p><p> Regulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.</p><p><blockquote>随着世界各国寻求减少与气候变化相关的温室气体排放，监管机构和电力公司面临着越来越大的压力，要求他们提供负担得起、可靠和无碳的电力。大多数发电量提供三分之二。长效电池可以使可再生能源——风能和太阳能——能够提供这三种能源。</blockquote></p><p> The Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.</p><p><blockquote>拜登政府正在推动到2035年在美国实现无碳电网，几个州和电力公司也做出了类似的承诺。人们普遍认为，风能、太阳能、地热能和核能的组合与短期锂离子电池混合可以产生80%的电力。最后的20%将需要某种类型的多日存储。</blockquote></p><p> “That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”</p><p><blockquote>能源部副参谋长杰里迈亚·鲍曼(Jeremiah Baumann)表示：“我们了解前80%的技术途径，而且它已经具有成本竞争力。”“我们对最终产品的技术有很好的了解。真正的问题是哪种技术将降低成本并进入市场。”</blockquote></p><p> Form’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.</p><p><blockquote>随着一系列初创公司竞相开发更先进、更具成本效益的储能技术，Form的电池将在日益拥挤的空间中与众多其他方法竞争。</blockquote></p><p> Several companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.</p><p><blockquote>几家公司正在向市场推出不同的电池配置，例如固态设计。一些人认为抽水蓄能或压缩空气可以更广泛地用于储存能源。欧盟正在推动使用氢气来储存和发电。</blockquote></p><p> Others, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.</p><p><blockquote>与此同时，其他人则专注于碳捕获技术，以使燃气和燃煤发电厂实现零排放，这将减少储存能源的需求。</blockquote></p><p> Form Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.</p><p><blockquote>Form Energy的铁空气电池吸入氧气，将铁转化为铁锈，然后将铁锈变回铁并呼出氧气，在此过程中对电池进行放电和充电。</blockquote></p><p> “There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>“新存储技术在寒武纪出现了爆炸式增长，从达尔文的意义上来说，它们并不都能生存下来。但对投资者和社会来说，回报都是巨大的，”清洁能源投资者拉梅兹·纳姆(Ramez Naam)表示，他不参与Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p></p><p> Previous high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.</p><p><blockquote>之前开发更好电池的高调努力已经从希望和炒作走向破产。但自2017年Form创建以来，由于其创始人的业绩记录，它吸引了业内的猜测和阴谋。其中包括Jaramillo先生和麻省理工学院教授Yet-Ming Chiang，后者共同创立了锂电池先驱A123 Systems Inc.。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.</p><p><blockquote>Jaramillo先生在转向开发新型电池之前，获得了耶鲁神学院的经济学学位和硕士学位。在特斯拉工作了七年多后，他于2016年离开，去追求他在LinkedIn页面上所谓的“下一件事”。他没有提供任何细节，但他想为电网制造一种廉价的电池。当蒋先生打电话给他时，他正要签署一家新公司的融资单。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.</p><p><blockquote>蒋先生作为本科生来到麻省理工学院，不到十年后就加入了学院。作为能源部合作的一部分，他于2012年开始研究长效电池。2017年，他还在研究长效电池，他和Jaramillo先生决定共同创造Form Energy。</blockquote></p><p> They recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”</p><p><blockquote>他们招募了其他电池行业的资深人士。“创始团队拥有100年的电池经验，”蒋先生说。“我们是一代失败电池公司的校友，他们都回来寻求更多。”</blockquote></p><p> In early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.</p><p><blockquote>2018年初，他们开始小规模测试，博士。材料科学家版本的中学科学展的土豆电池，使用包裹在半透明量杯底部五金店软管夹中的小金属片。形式测试了不同的配置：硫-铁、硫-空气、硫-锰和铁-空气。到年底，铁空气看起来最有前途。</blockquote></p><p> In 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.</p><p><blockquote>2020年，随着工作进展迅速，Form得到了休息。它需要一种关键的电池组件，称为阴极，它不透水，但可以呼吸氧气，就像Gore-Tex夹克一样。亚利桑那州的一家电池公司NantEnergy Inc.花了十年时间为锌空气电池制造了这样一种薄膜。老板帕特里克·顺雄(Patrick Soon-Shiong)是一位亿万富翁生物技术企业家，拥有《洛杉矶时报》，他去年关闭了业务，专注于其他投资。</blockquote></p><p> Form bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.</p><p><blockquote>Form购买了其专利以及数千个阴极的库存，这些阴极存放在公司大楼一角的纸箱中。哈拉米略先生说：“把这块钉牢后，我们就可以加速了。”</blockquote></p><p> Late last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.</p><p><blockquote>去年夏末，Form制造了一个一米高（约3.3英尺高）的电池，并将其命名为Slim Jim，因为它的尺寸相当于同名垃圾桶。今年早些时候，它制造了Big Jim，这是一个一米乘一米的全尺寸电池。如果它按预期工作，20个这样的电池将被组合成一个电池。数千个这样的电池将串在一起，填满整个仓库并储存数周的电力。这些电池系统充满电可能需要几天时间，但电池可以连续放电150小时。</blockquote></p><p> In 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.</p><p><blockquote>2023年，Form计划部署一种能够连续放电六天以上的一兆瓦电池，并表示正在与几家公用事业公司就电池部署进行谈判。</blockquote></p><p> Mr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.</p><p><blockquote>该公司首席科学官蒋先生表示，面临的挑战是找出如何使用铁、空气和水基电解质制造电池。</blockquote></p><p> “Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.</p><p><blockquote>“厨师会告诉你，用普通食材做出一道美味的菜肴更加困难，”他说。</blockquote></p><p></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/startup-claims-breakthrough-in-long-duration-batteries-11626946330?mod=hp_lead_pos7\">The Wall Street Journal</a></p>\n<p>为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化</p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/startup-claims-breakthrough-in-long-duration-batteries-11626946330?mod=hp_lead_pos7","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1110204064","content_text":"Form Energy’s iron-air batteries could have big ramifications for storing electricity on the power grid.\n\nA four-year-old startup says it has built an inexpensive battery that can discharge power for days using one of the most common elements on Earth: iron.\nForm Energy Inc.’s batteries are far too heavy for electric cars. But it says they will be capable of solving one of the most elusive problems facing renewable energy: cheaply storing large amounts of electricity to power grids when the sun isn’t shining and wind isn’t blowing.\nThe work of the Somerville, Mass., company has long been shrouded in secrecy and nondisclosure agreements. It recently shared its progress with The Wall Street Journal, saying it wants to make regulators and utilities aware that if all continues to go according to plan, its iron-air batteries will be capable of affordable, long-duration power storage by 2025.\nIts backers include Breakthrough Energy Ventures, a climate investment fund whose investors include Microsoft Corp. co-founder Bill Gates and Amazon.com Inc. founderJeff Bezos. Form recently initiated a $200 million funding round, led by a strategic investment from steelmaking giantArcelorMittalSA,MT4.27%one of the world’s leading iron-ore producers.\nForm is preparing to soon be in production of the “kind of battery you need to fully retire thermal assets like coal andnatural gas” power plants, said the company’s chief executive, Mateo Jaramillo, who developed Tesla Inc.’s Powerwall battery and worked on some of its earliest automotive powertrains.\nOn a recent tour of Form’s windowless laboratory, Mr. Jaramillo gestured to barrels filled with low-cost iron pellets as its key advantage in therapidly evolving battery space. Its prototype battery, nicknamed Big Jim, is filled with 18,000 pebble-size gray pieces of iron, an abundant, nontoxic and nonflammable mineral.\nFor alithium-ion battery cell, the workhorse of electric vehicles and today’s grid-scale batteries, the nickel, cobalt, lithium and manganese minerals used currently cost between $50 and $80 per kilowatt-hour of storage, according to analysts.\nUsing iron, Form believes it will spend less than $6 per kilowatt-hour of storage on materials for each cell. Packaging the cells together into a full battery system will raise the price to less than $20 per kilowatt-hour, a level at which academics have said renewables plus storage could fully replace traditional fossil-fuel-burning power plants.\nA battery capable of cheaply discharging power for days has been a holy grail in the energy industry, due to the problem that it solves and the potential market it creates.\nRegulators and power companies are under growing pressure to deliver affordable, reliable and carbon-free electricity, as countries world-wide seek to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change. Most electricity generation delivers two out of three. A long-duration battery could enable renewable energy—wind and solar—to deliver all three.\nThe Biden administration is pushing for a carbon-free power grid in the U.S. by 2035, and several states and electric utilities have similar pledges. There is widespread agreement that a combination of wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear power mixed with short-duration lithium-ion batteries can generate 80% of electricity. The final 20% will require some type of multiday storage.\n“That first 80% we know the technology pathway, and it is already cost competitive,” said Jeremiah Baumann, deputy chief of staff at the Energy Department. “We have a good sense of the technology for the final piece. The real question is which technology is going to get its cost down and get into the marketplace.”\nForm’s battery will compete with numerous other approaches in what is becoming a crowded space, as an array of startups race to develop more advanced, cost-effective energy-storage techniques.\nSeveral companies are heading to market with different battery configurations, such as solid-state designs. Some think pumped water storage or compressed air can be used more widely to bank energy. The European Union is pushing the use of hydrogen to store and generate power.\nOthers, meanwhile, are focusing on carbon-capture technology to make gas- and coal-fired power plants emission-free, which would reduce the need for storing energy.\nForm Energy’s iron-air battery breathes in oxygen and converts iron to rust, then turns the rust back into iron and breathes out oxygen, discharging and charging the battery in the process.\n“There is a Cambrian explosion of new storage technologies and in a Darwinian sense, they are not all going to survive. But the prize is huge both for investors and for society,” says Ramez Naam, a clean-energy investor who isn’t involved with Form Energy.\nPrevious high-profile effortsto develop better batterieshave arced from hope and hype to bankruptcy. But since Form was created in 2017, it has attracted speculation and intrigue within the industry due to the track records of its founders. They include Mr. Jaramillo and Yet-Ming Chiang, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who co-founded A123 Systems Inc., a lithium-battery pioneer.\nMr. Jaramillo earned degrees in economics and a master’s degree from the Yale Divinity School before switching to a career developing new batteries. After more than seven years at Tesla, he left in 2016 to pursue what he called “The Next Thing” on his LinkedIn page. He didn’t provide any details, but he wanted to build an inexpensive battery for the grid. He was close to signing a funding sheet for a new company when Mr. Chiang called him.\nMr. Chiang arrived at MIT as an undergraduate and joined the faculty less than a decade later. He started working on a long-duration battery in 2012 as part of a Energy Department collaboration. In 2017, he was also working on long-duration batteries and he and Mr. Jaramillo decided to together create Form Energy.\nThey recruited other battery-industry veterans. “The founding team has 100 years of battery experience,” says Mr. Chiang. “We’re the alumni of a generation of failed battery companies who all came back for more.”\nIn early 2018, they began small-scale tests, the Ph.D. material scientist’s version of a middle-school science fair’s potato battery, using small pieces of metal wrapped in hardware-store hose clamps at the bottom of translucent measuring cups. Form tested different configurations: sulfur-iron, sulfur-air, sulfur-manganese and iron-air. By the end of the year, iron-air looked the most promising.\nIn 2020, as work was moving quickly, Form caught a break. It needed a critical battery component called a cathode that was impermeable to water but breathed oxygen, like a Gore-Tex jacket. An Arizona battery company, NantEnergy Inc., had spent a decade building such a membrane for a zinc-air battery. Owner Patrick Soon-Shiong, a billionaire biotechnology entrepreneur who owns the Los Angeles Times, wound down operations last year to focus on other investments.\nForm bought its patents as well as its inventory of thousands of cathodes, which sit in cardboard boxes in a corner of the company’s building. “Having this piece nailed down allowed us to hit the accelerator,” said Mr. Jaramillo.\nLate last summer, Form built a one-meter-tall (roughly 3.3-foot-tall) battery it called Slim Jim because it had the dimensions of a trash can of the same name. Earlier this year, it built Big Jim, a full-scale one-meter-by-one-meter battery cell. If it works as expected, 20 of these cells will be grouped in a battery. Thousands of these batteries will be strung together, filling entire warehouses and storing weeks’ worth of electricity. It could take days to fully charge these battery systems, but the batteries can discharge electricity for 150 hours at a stretch.\nIn 2023, Form plans to deploy a one-megawatt battery capable of discharging continuously for more than six days and says it is in talks with several utilities about battery deployments.\nMr. Chiang, who is the company’s chief science officer, said the challenge was to figure out how to make a battery using iron, air and a water-based electrolyte.\n“Chefs will tell you it is harder to make an excellent dish with common ingredients,” he said.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":457,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"EN","currentLanguage":"EN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":17,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ORIG"},"commentList":[],"isCommentEnd":true,"isTiger":false,"isWeiXinMini":false,"url":"/m/post/172579062"}
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