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2021-12-30

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Who Invented Covid-19 Vaccines? Drugmakers Battle Over Patents<blockquote>谁发明了新冠肺炎疫苗？制药商争夺专利</blockquote>

A high-stakes legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for Covid-19 vaccines, with

Who Invented Covid-19 Vaccines? Drugmakers Battle Over Patents<blockquote>谁发明了新冠肺炎疫苗？制药商争夺专利</blockquote>

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{"i18n":{"language":"zh_CN"},"data":{"magic":2,"id":692942288,"tweetId":"692942288","gmtCreate":1640834260370,"gmtModify":1640834260466,"author":{"id":3583760166898100,"idStr":"3583760166898100","authorId":3583760166898100,"authorIdStr":"3583760166898100","name":"buhao","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","vip":1,"userType":1,"introduction":"","boolIsFan":false,"boolIsHead":false,"crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"individualDisplayBadges":[],"fanSize":1,"starInvestorFlag":false},"themes":[],"images":[],"coverImages":[],"extraTitle":"","html":"<html><head></head><body>Nice</body></html>","htmlText":"<html><head></head><body>Nice</body></html>","text":"Nice","highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"favoriteSize":0,"link":"https://laohu8.com/post/692942288","repostId":1143463942,"repostType":2,"repost":{"id":"1143463942","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1640831989,"share":"https://www.laohu8.com/m/news/1143463942?lang=zh_CN&edition=full","pubTime":"2021-12-30 10:39","market":"us","language":"en","title":"Who Invented Covid-19 Vaccines? Drugmakers Battle Over Patents<blockquote>谁发明了新冠肺炎疫苗？制药商争夺专利</blockquote>","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1143463942","media":"WSJ","summary":"A high-stakes legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for Covid-19 vaccines, with ","content":"<html><head></head><body>A high-stakes legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for Covid-19 vaccines, with drug companies pitted against each other and government and academic scientists over who invented what.<blockquote><html><head></head><body>一场围绕利润丰厚的Covid-19疫苗专利权的高风险法律战正在形成，制药公司之间以及政府和学术科学家之间就谁发明了什么展开了激烈的竞争。</body></html></blockquote>The U.S. government andModernaInc., whose collaboration led to one of the most widely used shots, have fought over who discovered a key component and owns its rights. Meantime,PfizerInc. and BioNTech SE, makers of another leading vaccine, are in a patent battle with a smaller company, and some analysts think they could end up facing off against Moderna.<blockquote>美国政府和ModernaInc.的合作导致了最广泛使用的镜头之一，他们一直在争夺谁发现了一个关键组件并拥有其权利。与此同时，辉瑞公司。另一种领先疫苗的制造商BioNTech SE正在与一家规模较小的公司进行专利战，一些分析师认为他们最终可能会与Moderna对抗。</blockquote>At the heart of the disputes: Who can claim to have invented important elements of the Covid-19 vaccines?<blockquote>争议的核心是：谁可以声称发明了新冠肺炎疫苗的重要元素？</blockquote>Hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake. If anyone succeeds in establishing a role in the discovery of the vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna would have to share with others a bigger cut of the tens of billions of dollars in vaccine sales being generated.<blockquote>数亿美元危在旦夕。如果有人成功地在疫苗的发现中发挥作用，辉瑞和Moderna将不得不与其他公司分享数百亿美元疫苗销售额中的更大份额。</blockquote>“It’s scientific credit and money. That’s what people want,” said Jacob Sherkow, a professor who specializes in biotechnology intellectual property at the University of Illinois College of Law. “This is a major biotech invention, for which tens of billions of dollars are riding on the line.”<blockquote>伊利诺伊大学法学院专门研究生物技术知识产权的教授Jacob Sherkow说：“这是科学信用和金钱。这是人们想要的。”“这是一项重大的生物技术发明，价值数百亿美元。”</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/391659260599217c12076cea6c888697\" tg-width=\"1007\" tg-height=\"668\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>The market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than initially expected.PHOTO:AMIR HAMJA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL<blockquote>事实证明，Covid-19疫苗市场比最初预期的要大。照片：《华尔街日报》的AMIR HAMJA</blockquote>The emerging patent disputes cast a shadow over what has otherwise been a remarkable scientific, government and business accomplishment: the development of several effective Covid-19 vaccines at unprecedented speed, during a pandemic.<blockquote>新出现的专利纠纷给原本非凡的科学、政府和商业成就蒙上了阴影：在疫情期间，以前所未有的速度开发了几种有效的新冠肺炎疫苗。</blockquote>Who deserves credit for medical discoveries has long been a battleground for companies, academia and government. Patents are especially valuable in the pharmaceutical industry because they can give a company the exclusive right to sell a drug or vaccine for many years, free from generic competition.<blockquote>谁应该为医学发现获得荣誉长期以来一直是公司、学术界和政府的战场。专利在制药行业尤其有价值，因为它们可以赋予公司多年独家销售药物或疫苗的权利，不受仿制药竞争的影响。</blockquote>They can also be valuable to scientists—and the universities and government labs they work for—if a drug company licenses a patent and pays royalties on sales. Princeton University built a $278 million chemistry lab using royalties from sales ofEli Lilly&amp; Co.’s cancer drug Alimta, based on research by a university professor.<blockquote>如果制药公司许可专利并支付销售特许权使用费，它们对科学家以及他们工作的大学和政府实验室也很有价值。普林斯顿大学根据一位大学教授的研究，利用礼来公司抗癌药物Alimta的销售特许权使用费建造了一个耗资2.78亿美元的化学实验室。</blockquote>Yet the disputes can be hard to sort out because they involve who gets credit for complicated research that often builds upon a series of iterative discoveries.<blockquote>然而，这些争议可能很难解决，因为它们涉及到谁在复杂的研究中获得荣誉，而这些研究往往建立在一系列迭代发现的基础上。</blockquote>Multi-company patent battles have erupted in the past over lucrative new drug markets, such as treatments for hepatitis C in the mid-2010s.<blockquote>过去，多公司因利润丰厚的新药市场而爆发过专利战，例如2010年代中期的丙型肝炎治疗药物。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/125cd1b51bc213c732cc20b023d56df3\" tg-width=\"1352\" tg-height=\"734\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere.PHOTO:PFIZER/ASSOCIATED PRESS<blockquote>辉瑞、BioNTech和Moderna已经为其疫苗的销售支付了特许权使用费，因为它们部分依赖于其他地方进行的研究。照片：辉瑞/美联社</blockquote>The market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than Wall Street initially expected. Pfizer and Moderna have booked a combined $35 billion in Covid-19 vaccine sales globally for the first nine months of 2021.<blockquote>事实证明，Covid-19疫苗的市场比华尔街最初预期的要大。辉瑞和Moderna在2021年前9个月的新冠肺炎疫苗全球销售额总计350亿美元。</blockquote>Analysts estimate the two vaccines will post combined sales of more than $52 billion in 2022, helped by demand for booster shots.<blockquote>分析师估计，在加强注射需求的帮助下，这两种疫苗到2022年的总销售额将超过520亿美元。</blockquote>Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere. Both BioNTech and Moderna previously licensed patents on messenger RNA research conducted by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, and BioNTech has licensed a patent from the federal government, for which Pfizer has a sub-license. Moderna paid out $400 million in royalties, including to companies that hold the rights to the Penn patents, on sales of its Covid-19 vaccine for the first nine months of 2021.<blockquote>辉瑞、BioNTech和Moderna已经为其疫苗的销售支付了特许权使用费，因为它们部分依赖于其他地方进行的研究。BioNTech和Moderna之前都获得了宾夕法尼亚大学科学家进行的信使RNA研究的专利许可，BioNTech已经获得了联邦政府的专利许可，辉瑞对此拥有分许可。Moderna在2021年前9个月的Covid-19疫苗销售中支付了4亿美元的特许权使用费，包括向拥有宾夕法尼亚大学专利权的公司支付的特许权使用费。</blockquote>One dispute stems from Moderna’s decision to deny a National Institutes of Health request to list government scientists as co-inventors on the company’s application for a U.S. patent covering a key component of its Covid-19 vaccine.<blockquote>其中一个争议源于Moderna决定拒绝美国国立卫生研究院提出的将政府科学家列为该公司申请的美国专利的共同发明人的请求，该专利涵盖了其Covid-19疫苗的一个关键成分。</blockquote>The patent would have claimed the invention of a genetic sequence incorporated into the Moderna vaccine to trigger an immune response against the coronavirus. The dispute was earlier reported by the New York Times.<blockquote>该专利将要求发明一种基因序列，该基因序列被整合到Moderna疫苗中，以引发针对冠状病毒的免疫反应。《纽约时报》早些时候报道了这场争端。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/841b456b86547fecd4464e1358e26c20\" tg-width=\"1298\" tg-height=\"684\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>A lab inside a Moderna facility. The company says only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence for its Covid-19 vaccine.PHOTO:MADDIE MALHOTRA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL<blockquote>Moderna设施内的实验室。该公司表示，只有其科学家提出了其Covid-19疫苗的信使RNA序列。照片：《华尔街日报》的MADDIE MALHOTRA</blockquote>Moderna was working with the NIH on vaccine research for a few years before the novel coronavirus emerged, and they collaborated in developing and testing the Covid-19 vaccine soon after the pandemic began.<blockquote>在新型冠状病毒出现之前，Moderna与NIH合作进行了几年的疫苗研究，在大流行开始后不久，他们就合作开发和测试了Covid-19疫苗。</blockquote>Moderna said it has credited government scientists on other patent applications related to its vaccine, such as one covering dosing, but government scientists didn’t help invent the genetic sequence used in the vaccine.<blockquote>Moderna表示，它已将与其疫苗相关的其他专利申请归功于政府科学家，例如一项涵盖剂量的专利申请，但政府科学家并没有帮助发明疫苗中使用的基因序列。</blockquote>Moderna said only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence, which instructs the body’s cells to make a version of the spike protein found on the surface of the coronavirus and triggers the immune response.<blockquote>Moderna表示，只有其科学家提出了信使RNA序列，该序列指示人体细胞制造冠状病毒表面发现的刺突蛋白的一个版本，并触发免疫反应。</blockquote>This month,Moderna dropped the patent application, saying it wanted to allow more time for discussions with the NIH aimed at an amicable resolution.<blockquote>本月，Moderna放弃了专利申请，称希望有更多时间与NIH进行讨论，以达成友好解决方案。</blockquote>The NIH said it welcomed the opportunity to work with the company to resolve patent issues in a way that recognizes the contribution of NIH scientists.<blockquote>NIH表示，欢迎有机会与该公司合作，以认可NIH科学家贡献的方式解决专利问题。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b3380b351f910af68ef191b100997c93\" tg-width=\"957\" tg-height=\"615\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines use versions of the genetic sequence of the coronavirus spike protein.PHOTO:CYRIL MARCILHACY/BLOOMBERG NEWS<blockquote>辉瑞-BioNTech和Moderna的mRNA疫苗都使用冠状病毒刺突蛋白的基因序列版本。照片：CYRIL MARCILHACY/彭博新闻</blockquote>A second dispute could emerge over an NIH patent for an engineered version of the coronavirus spike protein. The engineered spike protein helps a vaccine induce a stronger immune response. Versions of the genetic sequence of the spike protein are found in mRNA vaccines, including Moderna’s and Pfizer’s.<blockquote>第二个争议可能会出现在美国国立卫生研究院的冠状病毒刺突蛋白工程版本的专利上。工程刺突蛋白有助于疫苗诱导更强的免疫反应。在mRNA疫苗中发现了刺突蛋白基因序列的版本，包括Moderna和辉瑞。</blockquote>Vaccine makers, including Pfizer and partner BioNTech, obtained a license to the NIH patent, but Moderna hasn’t.<blockquote>包括辉瑞和合作伙伴BioNTech在内的疫苗制造商获得了NIH专利的许可，但Moderna尚未获得。</blockquote>As long as Moderna doesn’t have a license, its vaccine infringes upon the NIH patent, according to Christopher Morten, associate clinical professor of law at Columbia Law School who researches biotech and other patents. He has estimated Moderna could be on the hook to pay more than $1 billion to the government for infringing the patent.<blockquote>哥伦比亚法学院研究生物技术和其他专利的临床法学副教授克里斯托弗·莫滕(Christopher Morten)表示，只要Moderna没有许可证，其疫苗就侵犯了NIH的专利。他估计Moderna可能会因侵犯专利而向政府支付超过10亿美元。</blockquote>Moderna didn’t respond to a request for comment regarding the patent.<blockquote>Moderna没有回应有关该专利的置评请求。</blockquote>Both Pfizer and Moderna already are engaged in patent battles with other companies in connection with their vaccines.<blockquote>辉瑞和Moderna都已经在与其他公司就其疫苗展开专利战。</blockquote>In October 2020, a small San Diego company, Allele Biotechnology &amp; Pharmaceuticals, sued Pfizer and BioNTech, saying the companies were using a protein in their vaccine testing that infringed on an Allele patent.<blockquote>2020年10月，圣地亚哥的一家小公司Allele Biotechnology&amp;Pharmaceuticals起诉辉瑞和BioNTech，称两家公司在疫苗测试中使用了一种侵犯Allele专利的蛋白质。</blockquote>Pfizer and BioNTech dispute the claim, and the litigation is pending.<blockquote>辉瑞和BioNTech对这一说法提出异议，诉讼正在审理中。</blockquote>Before the pandemic, Moderna initiated a U.S. patent-office proceeding to invalidate patents held by Arbutus BiopharmaCorp.Those claim the invention of certain nanoparticles, like the kind found in Moderna’s Covid-19 vaccine, which help deliver a vaccine’s RNA inside human cells.<blockquote>在大流行之前，Moderna向美国专利局提起诉讼，宣布Arbutus BiopharmaCorp持有的专利无效。他们声称发明了某些纳米颗粒，例如Moderna的Covid-19疫苗中发现的纳米颗粒，有助于将疫苗的RNA输送到人体细胞内。</blockquote>Moderna said it uses its own proprietary nanoparticles, which aren’t covered by the claims in the Arbutus patents.<blockquote>Moderna表示，它使用自己专有的纳米颗粒，这些颗粒不在Arbutus专利的权利要求范围内。</blockquote>A Moderna loss could ultimately cause the company to pay royalties to Arbutus, according to some analysts. A U.S. appeals court on Dec. 1 upheld some of the Arbutus patent claims. Arbutus and a partner company that licensed the patents said they are pleased with the court’s decision.<blockquote>一些分析师表示，Moderna的亏损最终可能会导致该公司向Arbutus支付特许权使用费。12月1日，美国上诉法院维持了杨梅的部分专利主张。Arbutus和一家获得专利许可的合作公司表示，他们对法院的裁决感到满意。</blockquote>More patent lawsuits could arise. Last year, Moderna said it wouldn’t enforce patents related to its Covid-19 vaccine while the pandemic emergency continued, but would seek to license its patents to other companies once the pandemic emergency is over.<blockquote>更多的专利诉讼可能会出现。去年，Moderna表示，在大流行紧急情况持续期间，它不会执行与其Covid-19疫苗相关的专利，但一旦大流行紧急情况结束，它将寻求将其专利授权给其他公司。</blockquote>That prospect has left open the possibility that Moderna could file patent-infringement lawsuits against other companies, including Pfizer and BioNTech, if they don’t agree on license terms, according to some patent experts and Wall Street analysts.<blockquote>一些专利专家和华尔街分析师表示，如果包括辉瑞和BioNTech在内的其他公司未能就许可条款达成一致，这种前景留下了Moderna可能会对它们提起专利侵权诉讼的可能性。</blockquote>A Pfizer spokeswoman said the company doesn’t expect intellectual property to be a barrier to the availability of its vaccine. The company expects that any desired third-party licenses would be available on reasonable terms.<blockquote>辉瑞发言人表示，该公司预计知识产权不会成为其疫苗上市的障碍。该公司预计任何所需的第三方许可证都可以以合理的条款获得。</blockquote></body></html><blockquote></blockquote>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>Who Invented Covid-19 Vaccines? Drugmakers Battle Over Patents<blockquote>谁发明了新冠肺炎疫苗？制药商争夺专利</blockquote></title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nWho Invented Covid-19 Vaccines? Drugmakers Battle Over Patents<blockquote>谁发明了新冠肺炎疫苗？制药商争夺专利</blockquote>\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\nWSJ2021-12-30 10:39\n\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<html><head></head><body>A high-stakes legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for Covid-19 vaccines, with drug companies pitted against each other and government and academic scientists over who invented what.<blockquote><html><head></head><body>一场围绕利润丰厚的Covid-19疫苗专利权的高风险法律战正在形成，制药公司之间以及政府和学术科学家之间就谁发明了什么展开了激烈的竞争。</body></html></blockquote>The U.S. government andModernaInc., whose collaboration led to one of the most widely used shots, have fought over who discovered a key component and owns its rights. Meantime,PfizerInc. and BioNTech SE, makers of another leading vaccine, are in a patent battle with a smaller company, and some analysts think they could end up facing off against Moderna.<blockquote>美国政府和ModernaInc.的合作导致了最广泛使用的镜头之一，他们一直在争夺谁发现了一个关键组件并拥有其权利。与此同时，辉瑞公司。另一种领先疫苗的制造商BioNTech SE正在与一家规模较小的公司进行专利战，一些分析师认为他们最终可能会与Moderna对抗。</blockquote>At the heart of the disputes: Who can claim to have invented important elements of the Covid-19 vaccines?<blockquote>争议的核心是：谁可以声称发明了新冠肺炎疫苗的重要元素？</blockquote>Hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake. If anyone succeeds in establishing a role in the discovery of the vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna would have to share with others a bigger cut of the tens of billions of dollars in vaccine sales being generated.<blockquote>数亿美元危在旦夕。如果有人成功地在疫苗的发现中发挥作用，辉瑞和Moderna将不得不与其他公司分享数百亿美元疫苗销售额中的更大份额。</blockquote>“It’s scientific credit and money. That’s what people want,” said Jacob Sherkow, a professor who specializes in biotechnology intellectual property at the University of Illinois College of Law. “This is a major biotech invention, for which tens of billions of dollars are riding on the line.”<blockquote>伊利诺伊大学法学院专门研究生物技术知识产权的教授Jacob Sherkow说：“这是科学信用和金钱。这是人们想要的。”“这是一项重大的生物技术发明，价值数百亿美元。”</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/391659260599217c12076cea6c888697\" tg-width=\"1007\" tg-height=\"668\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>The market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than initially expected.PHOTO:AMIR HAMJA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL<blockquote>事实证明，Covid-19疫苗市场比最初预期的要大。照片：《华尔街日报》的AMIR HAMJA</blockquote>The emerging patent disputes cast a shadow over what has otherwise been a remarkable scientific, government and business accomplishment: the development of several effective Covid-19 vaccines at unprecedented speed, during a pandemic.<blockquote>新出现的专利纠纷给原本非凡的科学、政府和商业成就蒙上了阴影：在疫情期间，以前所未有的速度开发了几种有效的新冠肺炎疫苗。</blockquote>Who deserves credit for medical discoveries has long been a battleground for companies, academia and government. Patents are especially valuable in the pharmaceutical industry because they can give a company the exclusive right to sell a drug or vaccine for many years, free from generic competition.<blockquote>谁应该为医学发现获得荣誉长期以来一直是公司、学术界和政府的战场。专利在制药行业尤其有价值，因为它们可以赋予公司多年独家销售药物或疫苗的权利，不受仿制药竞争的影响。</blockquote>They can also be valuable to scientists—and the universities and government labs they work for—if a drug company licenses a patent and pays royalties on sales. Princeton University built a $278 million chemistry lab using royalties from sales ofEli Lilly&amp; Co.’s cancer drug Alimta, based on research by a university professor.<blockquote>如果制药公司许可专利并支付销售特许权使用费，它们对科学家以及他们工作的大学和政府实验室也很有价值。普林斯顿大学根据一位大学教授的研究，利用礼来公司抗癌药物Alimta的销售特许权使用费建造了一个耗资2.78亿美元的化学实验室。</blockquote>Yet the disputes can be hard to sort out because they involve who gets credit for complicated research that often builds upon a series of iterative discoveries.<blockquote>然而，这些争议可能很难解决，因为它们涉及到谁在复杂的研究中获得荣誉，而这些研究往往建立在一系列迭代发现的基础上。</blockquote>Multi-company patent battles have erupted in the past over lucrative new drug markets, such as treatments for hepatitis C in the mid-2010s.<blockquote>过去，多公司因利润丰厚的新药市场而爆发过专利战，例如2010年代中期的丙型肝炎治疗药物。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/125cd1b51bc213c732cc20b023d56df3\" tg-width=\"1352\" tg-height=\"734\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere.PHOTO:PFIZER/ASSOCIATED PRESS<blockquote>辉瑞、BioNTech和Moderna已经为其疫苗的销售支付了特许权使用费，因为它们部分依赖于其他地方进行的研究。照片：辉瑞/美联社</blockquote>The market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than Wall Street initially expected. Pfizer and Moderna have booked a combined $35 billion in Covid-19 vaccine sales globally for the first nine months of 2021.<blockquote>事实证明，Covid-19疫苗的市场比华尔街最初预期的要大。辉瑞和Moderna在2021年前9个月的新冠肺炎疫苗全球销售额总计350亿美元。</blockquote>Analysts estimate the two vaccines will post combined sales of more than $52 billion in 2022, helped by demand for booster shots.<blockquote>分析师估计，在加强注射需求的帮助下，这两种疫苗到2022年的总销售额将超过520亿美元。</blockquote>Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere. Both BioNTech and Moderna previously licensed patents on messenger RNA research conducted by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, and BioNTech has licensed a patent from the federal government, for which Pfizer has a sub-license. Moderna paid out $400 million in royalties, including to companies that hold the rights to the Penn patents, on sales of its Covid-19 vaccine for the first nine months of 2021.<blockquote>辉瑞、BioNTech和Moderna已经为其疫苗的销售支付了特许权使用费，因为它们部分依赖于其他地方进行的研究。BioNTech和Moderna之前都获得了宾夕法尼亚大学科学家进行的信使RNA研究的专利许可，BioNTech已经获得了联邦政府的专利许可，辉瑞对此拥有分许可。Moderna在2021年前9个月的Covid-19疫苗销售中支付了4亿美元的特许权使用费，包括向拥有宾夕法尼亚大学专利权的公司支付的特许权使用费。</blockquote>One dispute stems from Moderna’s decision to deny a National Institutes of Health request to list government scientists as co-inventors on the company’s application for a U.S. patent covering a key component of its Covid-19 vaccine.<blockquote>其中一个争议源于Moderna决定拒绝美国国立卫生研究院提出的将政府科学家列为该公司申请的美国专利的共同发明人的请求，该专利涵盖了其Covid-19疫苗的一个关键成分。</blockquote>The patent would have claimed the invention of a genetic sequence incorporated into the Moderna vaccine to trigger an immune response against the coronavirus. The dispute was earlier reported by the New York Times.<blockquote>该专利将要求发明一种基因序列，该基因序列被整合到Moderna疫苗中，以引发针对冠状病毒的免疫反应。《纽约时报》早些时候报道了这场争端。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/841b456b86547fecd4464e1358e26c20\" tg-width=\"1298\" tg-height=\"684\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>A lab inside a Moderna facility. The company says only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence for its Covid-19 vaccine.PHOTO:MADDIE MALHOTRA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNAL<blockquote>Moderna设施内的实验室。该公司表示，只有其科学家提出了其Covid-19疫苗的信使RNA序列。照片：《华尔街日报》的MADDIE MALHOTRA</blockquote>Moderna was working with the NIH on vaccine research for a few years before the novel coronavirus emerged, and they collaborated in developing and testing the Covid-19 vaccine soon after the pandemic began.<blockquote>在新型冠状病毒出现之前，Moderna与NIH合作进行了几年的疫苗研究，在大流行开始后不久，他们就合作开发和测试了Covid-19疫苗。</blockquote>Moderna said it has credited government scientists on other patent applications related to its vaccine, such as one covering dosing, but government scientists didn’t help invent the genetic sequence used in the vaccine.<blockquote>Moderna表示，它已将与其疫苗相关的其他专利申请归功于政府科学家，例如一项涵盖剂量的专利申请，但政府科学家并没有帮助发明疫苗中使用的基因序列。</blockquote>Moderna said only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence, which instructs the body’s cells to make a version of the spike protein found on the surface of the coronavirus and triggers the immune response.<blockquote>Moderna表示，只有其科学家提出了信使RNA序列，该序列指示人体细胞制造冠状病毒表面发现的刺突蛋白的一个版本，并触发免疫反应。</blockquote>This month,Moderna dropped the patent application, saying it wanted to allow more time for discussions with the NIH aimed at an amicable resolution.<blockquote>本月，Moderna放弃了专利申请，称希望有更多时间与NIH进行讨论，以达成友好解决方案。</blockquote>The NIH said it welcomed the opportunity to work with the company to resolve patent issues in a way that recognizes the contribution of NIH scientists.<blockquote>NIH表示，欢迎有机会与该公司合作，以认可NIH科学家贡献的方式解决专利问题。</blockquote><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b3380b351f910af68ef191b100997c93\" tg-width=\"957\" tg-height=\"615\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\"/>Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines use versions of the genetic sequence of the coronavirus spike protein.PHOTO:CYRIL MARCILHACY/BLOOMBERG NEWS<blockquote>辉瑞-BioNTech和Moderna的mRNA疫苗都使用冠状病毒刺突蛋白的基因序列版本。照片：CYRIL MARCILHACY/彭博新闻</blockquote>A second dispute could emerge over an NIH patent for an engineered version of the coronavirus spike protein. The engineered spike protein helps a vaccine induce a stronger immune response. Versions of the genetic sequence of the spike protein are found in mRNA vaccines, including Moderna’s and Pfizer’s.<blockquote>第二个争议可能会出现在美国国立卫生研究院的冠状病毒刺突蛋白工程版本的专利上。工程刺突蛋白有助于疫苗诱导更强的免疫反应。在mRNA疫苗中发现了刺突蛋白基因序列的版本，包括Moderna和辉瑞。</blockquote>Vaccine makers, including Pfizer and partner BioNTech, obtained a license to the NIH patent, but Moderna hasn’t.<blockquote>包括辉瑞和合作伙伴BioNTech在内的疫苗制造商获得了NIH专利的许可，但Moderna尚未获得。</blockquote>As long as Moderna doesn’t have a license, its vaccine infringes upon the NIH patent, according to Christopher Morten, associate clinical professor of law at Columbia Law School who researches biotech and other patents. He has estimated Moderna could be on the hook to pay more than $1 billion to the government for infringing the patent.<blockquote>哥伦比亚法学院研究生物技术和其他专利的临床法学副教授克里斯托弗·莫滕(Christopher Morten)表示，只要Moderna没有许可证，其疫苗就侵犯了NIH的专利。他估计Moderna可能会因侵犯专利而向政府支付超过10亿美元。</blockquote>Moderna didn’t respond to a request for comment regarding the patent.<blockquote>Moderna没有回应有关该专利的置评请求。</blockquote>Both Pfizer and Moderna already are engaged in patent battles with other companies in connection with their vaccines.<blockquote>辉瑞和Moderna都已经在与其他公司就其疫苗展开专利战。</blockquote>In October 2020, a small San Diego company, Allele Biotechnology &amp; Pharmaceuticals, sued Pfizer and BioNTech, saying the companies were using a protein in their vaccine testing that infringed on an Allele patent.<blockquote>2020年10月，圣地亚哥的一家小公司Allele Biotechnology&amp;Pharmaceuticals起诉辉瑞和BioNTech，称两家公司在疫苗测试中使用了一种侵犯Allele专利的蛋白质。</blockquote>Pfizer and BioNTech dispute the claim, and the litigation is pending.<blockquote>辉瑞和BioNTech对这一说法提出异议，诉讼正在审理中。</blockquote>Before the pandemic, Moderna initiated a U.S. patent-office proceeding to invalidate patents held by Arbutus BiopharmaCorp.Those claim the invention of certain nanoparticles, like the kind found in Moderna’s Covid-19 vaccine, which help deliver a vaccine’s RNA inside human cells.<blockquote>在大流行之前，Moderna向美国专利局提起诉讼，宣布Arbutus BiopharmaCorp持有的专利无效。他们声称发明了某些纳米颗粒，例如Moderna的Covid-19疫苗中发现的纳米颗粒，有助于将疫苗的RNA输送到人体细胞内。</blockquote>Moderna said it uses its own proprietary nanoparticles, which aren’t covered by the claims in the Arbutus patents.<blockquote>Moderna表示，它使用自己专有的纳米颗粒，这些颗粒不在Arbutus专利的权利要求范围内。</blockquote>A Moderna loss could ultimately cause the company to pay royalties to Arbutus, according to some analysts. A U.S. appeals court on Dec. 1 upheld some of the Arbutus patent claims. Arbutus and a partner company that licensed the patents said they are pleased with the court’s decision.<blockquote>一些分析师表示，Moderna的亏损最终可能会导致该公司向Arbutus支付特许权使用费。12月1日，美国上诉法院维持了杨梅的部分专利主张。Arbutus和一家获得专利许可的合作公司表示，他们对法院的裁决感到满意。</blockquote>More patent lawsuits could arise. Last year, Moderna said it wouldn’t enforce patents related to its Covid-19 vaccine while the pandemic emergency continued, but would seek to license its patents to other companies once the pandemic emergency is over.<blockquote>更多的专利诉讼可能会出现。去年，Moderna表示，在大流行紧急情况持续期间，它不会执行与其Covid-19疫苗相关的专利，但一旦大流行紧急情况结束，它将寻求将其专利授权给其他公司。</blockquote>That prospect has left open the possibility that Moderna could file patent-infringement lawsuits against other companies, including Pfizer and BioNTech, if they don’t agree on license terms, according to some patent experts and Wall Street analysts.<blockquote>一些专利专家和华尔街分析师表示，如果包括辉瑞和BioNTech在内的其他公司未能就许可条款达成一致，这种前景留下了Moderna可能会对它们提起专利侵权诉讼的可能性。</blockquote>A Pfizer spokeswoman said the company doesn’t expect intellectual property to be a barrier to the availability of its vaccine. The company expects that any desired third-party licenses would be available on reasonable terms.<blockquote>辉瑞发言人表示，该公司预计知识产权不会成为其疫苗上市的障碍。该公司预计任何所需的第三方许可证都可以以合理的条款获得。</blockquote></body></html><blockquote></blockquote>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n 来源：<a href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-invented-covid-vaccines-11640726776?mod=business_lead_pos1\">WSJ</a>\n为提升您的阅读体验，我们对本页面进行了排版优化\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"MRNA":"Moderna, Inc.","PFE":"辉瑞","BNTX":"BioNTech SE"},"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-invented-covid-vaccines-11640726776?mod=business_lead_pos1","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1143463942","content_text":"A high-stakes legal battle is taking shape over lucrative patent rights for Covid-19 vaccines, with drug companies pitted against each other and government and academic scientists over who invented what.The U.S. government andModernaInc., whose collaboration led to one of the most widely used shots, have fought over who discovered a key component and owns its rights. Meantime,PfizerInc. and BioNTech SE, makers of another leading vaccine, are in a patent battle with a smaller company, and some analysts think they could end up facing off against Moderna.At the heart of the disputes: Who can claim to have invented important elements of the Covid-19 vaccines?Hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake. If anyone succeeds in establishing a role in the discovery of the vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna would have to share with others a bigger cut of the tens of billions of dollars in vaccine sales being generated.“It’s scientific credit and money. That’s what people want,” said Jacob Sherkow, a professor who specializes in biotechnology intellectual property at the University of Illinois College of Law. “This is a major biotech invention, for which tens of billions of dollars are riding on the line.”The market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than initially expected.PHOTO:AMIR HAMJA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNALThe emerging patent disputes cast a shadow over what has otherwise been a remarkable scientific, government and business accomplishment: the development of several effective Covid-19 vaccines at unprecedented speed, during a pandemic.Who deserves credit for medical discoveries has long been a battleground for companies, academia and government. Patents are especially valuable in the pharmaceutical industry because they can give a company the exclusive right to sell a drug or vaccine for many years, free from generic competition.They can also be valuable to scientists—and the universities and government labs they work for—if a drug company licenses a patent and pays royalties on sales. Princeton University built a $278 million chemistry lab using royalties from sales ofEli Lilly& Co.’s cancer drug Alimta, based on research by a university professor.Yet the disputes can be hard to sort out because they involve who gets credit for complicated research that often builds upon a series of iterative discoveries.Multi-company patent battles have erupted in the past over lucrative new drug markets, such as treatments for hepatitis C in the mid-2010s.Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere.PHOTO:PFIZER/ASSOCIATED PRESSThe market for Covid-19 vaccines has proven to be bigger than Wall Street initially expected. Pfizer and Moderna have booked a combined $35 billion in Covid-19 vaccine sales globally for the first nine months of 2021.Analysts estimate the two vaccines will post combined sales of more than $52 billion in 2022, helped by demand for booster shots.Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna already pay royalties on sales of their vaccines because they rely in part on research conducted elsewhere. Both BioNTech and Moderna previously licensed patents on messenger RNA research conducted by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, and BioNTech has licensed a patent from the federal government, for which Pfizer has a sub-license. Moderna paid out $400 million in royalties, including to companies that hold the rights to the Penn patents, on sales of its Covid-19 vaccine for the first nine months of 2021.One dispute stems from Moderna’s decision to deny a National Institutes of Health request to list government scientists as co-inventors on the company’s application for a U.S. patent covering a key component of its Covid-19 vaccine.The patent would have claimed the invention of a genetic sequence incorporated into the Moderna vaccine to trigger an immune response against the coronavirus. The dispute was earlier reported by the New York Times.A lab inside a Moderna facility. The company says only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence for its Covid-19 vaccine.PHOTO:MADDIE MALHOTRA FOR THE WALL STREET JOURNALModerna was working with the NIH on vaccine research for a few years before the novel coronavirus emerged, and they collaborated in developing and testing the Covid-19 vaccine soon after the pandemic began.Moderna said it has credited government scientists on other patent applications related to its vaccine, such as one covering dosing, but government scientists didn’t help invent the genetic sequence used in the vaccine.Moderna said only its scientists came up with the messenger RNA sequence, which instructs the body’s cells to make a version of the spike protein found on the surface of the coronavirus and triggers the immune response.This month,Moderna dropped the patent application, saying it wanted to allow more time for discussions with the NIH aimed at an amicable resolution.The NIH said it welcomed the opportunity to work with the company to resolve patent issues in a way that recognizes the contribution of NIH scientists.Both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna’s mRNA vaccines use versions of the genetic sequence of the coronavirus spike protein.PHOTO:CYRIL MARCILHACY/BLOOMBERG NEWSA second dispute could emerge over an NIH patent for an engineered version of the coronavirus spike protein. The engineered spike protein helps a vaccine induce a stronger immune response. Versions of the genetic sequence of the spike protein are found in mRNA vaccines, including Moderna’s and Pfizer’s.Vaccine makers, including Pfizer and partner BioNTech, obtained a license to the NIH patent, but Moderna hasn’t.As long as Moderna doesn’t have a license, its vaccine infringes upon the NIH patent, according to Christopher Morten, associate clinical professor of law at Columbia Law School who researches biotech and other patents. He has estimated Moderna could be on the hook to pay more than $1 billion to the government for infringing the patent.Moderna didn’t respond to a request for comment regarding the patent.Both Pfizer and Moderna already are engaged in patent battles with other companies in connection with their vaccines.In October 2020, a small San Diego company, Allele Biotechnology & Pharmaceuticals, sued Pfizer and BioNTech, saying the companies were using a protein in their vaccine testing that infringed on an Allele patent.Pfizer and BioNTech dispute the claim, and the litigation is pending.Before the pandemic, Moderna initiated a U.S. patent-office proceeding to invalidate patents held by Arbutus BiopharmaCorp.Those claim the invention of certain nanoparticles, like the kind found in Moderna’s Covid-19 vaccine, which help deliver a vaccine’s RNA inside human cells.Moderna said it uses its own proprietary nanoparticles, which aren’t covered by the claims in the Arbutus patents.A Moderna loss could ultimately cause the company to pay royalties to Arbutus, according to some analysts. A U.S. appeals court on Dec. 1 upheld some of the Arbutus patent claims. Arbutus and a partner company that licensed the patents said they are pleased with the court’s decision.More patent lawsuits could arise. Last year, Moderna said it wouldn’t enforce patents related to its Covid-19 vaccine while the pandemic emergency continued, but would seek to license its patents to other companies once the pandemic emergency is over.That prospect has left open the possibility that Moderna could file patent-infringement lawsuits against other companies, including Pfizer and BioNTech, if they don’t agree on license terms, according to some patent experts and Wall Street analysts.A Pfizer spokeswoman said the company doesn’t expect intellectual property to be a barrier to the availability of its vaccine. The company expects that any desired third-party licenses would be available on reasonable terms.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"MRNA":0.9,"PFE":0.9,"BNTX":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":3028,"commentLimit":10,"likeStatus":false,"favoriteStatus":false,"reportStatus":false,"symbols":[],"verified":2,"subType":0,"readableState":1,"langContent":"CN","currentLanguage":"CN","warmUpFlag":false,"orderFlag":false,"shareable":true,"causeOfNotShareable":"","featuresForAnalytics":[],"commentAndTweetFlag":false,"andRepostAutoSelectedFlag":false,"upFlag":false,"length":4,"xxTargetLangEnum":"ZH_CN"},"commentList":[],"hasMoreComment":false,"orderType":2}